Women's Health

This module is separated into two units: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and cervical screening.  

Unit one identifies several STIs and other conditions associated with sexual activity. It outlines common features and symptoms, routes of transmission, key risk factors for infection and the prevalence of infection.  The unit emphasises the importance of early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of STIs and details the natural progression of each condition if left untreated. Comprehensive information is provided about screening tools and procedures, examinations and testing, and detailed treatment plans. Information is included on contact tracing, notification of proper authorities and opportunistic counselling of patients about prevention of STIs.  

Unit two begins with an explanation of the anatomy and functions of the cervix and identifies underlying causes and risk factors for cervical health issues including HPV, cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer. Indications for further investigation including presenting symptoms, risk factors, and potential impacts are covered. Information about current screening tests and ethical considerations related to patient experience and consent are addressed. Important updates in administrative processes, terminology for reporting and models for cervical screening results are explained. The module recognises the inherent limitations of these tests and emphasises their role as one part of the diagnostic process.   

This module on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) examines the prevalence, presenting symptoms, contributing factors and underlying problems associated with PCOS. Common features, risk factors and indications for further investigation to diagnose this condition are outlined. A framework for applying diagnostic criteria including presenting symptoms, specific criteria for diagnosis, and the process for eliminating other potential causes and conditions is provided. Tools and resources for screening and management of the condition are included. The module concludes by outlining symptoms of complications to look for and provides instructions for detection and management of these symptoms.   

This module on pregnancy (part 1) includes guidelines to optimise maternal and foetal health throughout the stages of an uncomplicated pregnancy and creates a detailed model for screening and counseling. The three stages of pregnancy care: preconception care, antenatal care and postnatal care are outlined including considerations and procedures for screening and monitoring individual cases. A typical regimen for screening and indications for monitoring and further investigation is included. The module identifies common symptoms and complications during the antenatal and postnatal stage of pregnancy and considers risk factors, typical presentations, and potential maternal and foetal impact. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods for the management of specific conditions are included.   

This module on menopause provides comprehensive information about the definitions, features and underlying causes of menopause and discusses the typical process and duration for each of the four stages: perimenopausal, menopausal, early postmenopausal and late postmenopausal. Methods for assessment and differential diagnosis of menopausal symptoms are outlined including indications for further investigation. Management options including lifestyle modifications, “natural” or complementary therapies, non-hormone pharmaceutical options and menopause hormone therapy (MHT) are discussed. Different types of MHT are reviewed including potential benefits and risks, safety considerations and testing methods. It also acknowledges potential contraindications for MHT and statistics that suggest a lack of observable effectiveness in treating some health conditions. The module outlines effective courses of action for adjusting treatment and managing complications.  

This module on menstrual irregularities defines common menstrual problems including abnormal menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea and premenstrual dysphoria. It includes classification systems, diagnostic criteria, and clinical guidelines for management and treatment of each condition. It offers resources and guidance for treating women presenting with associated symptoms or meet the diagnostic criteria for these disorders. Each condition is discussed including specific guidelines and treatment aims. Screening tools, indications for additional investigations, and appropriate examinations are recommended for diagnosis of each condition. The module discusses prevalence, common symptoms and potential patient impacts of menstrual irregularities.  

This module on family planning discusses the uses, effectiveness, and options for contraception and expands on the role of general practitioners in this area. It creates a detailed framework for making decisions about contraceptives including how to counsel patients about contraceptive options, recommended examinations, information gathering, patient preferences and other factors to consider. Multiple options for contraception, comparisons of efficacy, delay in return to fertility and STI protection are discussed. Referencing the MEC guidelines, content delineates precautions and contradictions to consider when determining the suitability of contraceptive methods for individual patients. It discusses the differences of combined hormone contraceptives and progesterone-only pills and expands on the risks, side effects, benefits, contraindications, and implementation procedures for each approach. The module provides guidance for contraception at menopause and emergency contraception.  

This module on breastfeeding considers the factors that make up healthy breastfeeding practices. It assesses the role of general practitioners in supporting women to continue to breastfeed. It examines the benefits of breastfeeding for mother and child, current rates of breastfeeding and influences on breastfeeding practices. Information about breast anatomy, changes during and after pregnancy and the physiology of lactation including processes that activate lactation are outlined. Risk factors and common problems including indications for assessing milk intake and clarifying misunderstandings about signs of inadequate milk intake are included. The module offers recommendations for maternal lifestyle to ensure optimal breastfeeding conditions. Finally, it advises physicians on the recognition and management of common breastfeeding complications and discusses supplementation and weaning.  

This module on domestic abuse reviews the definition and support mechanisms when patients present who are in a domestic abuse relationship. Statistics related to its prevalence and impact both worldwide and in Australia are listed. It discusses the role of general practitioners in responding, supporting and treating women who disclose experiences of domestic violence in a supportive, non-judgemental manner. Signs and symptoms to identify domestic violence including psychological and behavioural symptoms are outlined. Screening information and understanding the reasons why a woman does not find it easy to leave an abusive relationship are included. Techniques to provide a safe environment and how to respond to disclosures including follow up care and responsibilities are addressed.  The module includes advice about the most effective response to patient disclosure both immediately and as part of a long-term plan for follow up, and continuing care, including information about available resources and support services.